You’ve heard of Botox and laser hair removal, but what is a chemical peel and what does it do? A chemical peel is a simple procedure used to improve the color, texture, and smoothness of the skin. Chemical peels and other skin treatments have been performed for many years to treat a variety of skin disorders. Many skin conditions can be improved when receiving a series of peels. It helps with blemishes, fine wrinkles, and uneven color. Fine lines will be softened, dull skin will appear more radiant, rough or uneven skin will become smoother. Sun damaged skin or blotchy skin will even out. Acne scarring may be softened. A peel does not eliminate sagging or excess skin. Each treatment is customized for patient skin type, specific problem areas and the delicate areas of the face.
Chemical peels are usually performed on the face, but can be done on anywhere on the skin. A controlled amount of acid is gently and carefully applied to the skin, causing the surface layer to slowly peel off over a period of a few days to a week. The new cells and collagen are stimulated during the healing process to produce a smoother, tighter, younger looking skin surface. The acid is left on the skin for a short period of time. Then, depending on the peel, it is neutralized with water or base. The procedure generally takes less than 15 minutes.
There are different types of acids used in chemical peels. Glycolic acid is the weakest, providing a mild peel. Salicylic acid is somewhat stronger, but still providing a superficial peel. The gold standard is the TCA (trichloroacetic acid) peel, which provides a superficial to medium depth peel. Phenol is a deep peel and is not commonly performed because it requires a heart monitor. Additionally, many fruits contain acids which are commonly used for chemical peels; these are usually weaker than glycolic acid peels. Within these categories, the strength of the peel can be changed by adjusting the percentage of the acid, the amount used, and the time of exposure. For example, a 35 % TCA peel is stronger than a 10 % TCA peel. Also, two passes on the skin will produce a greater effect than only a single pass, and the longer the acid is left in contact with the skin before neutralization, the stronger the effect.
Most of the discomfort after a chemical peel will be during the first four to eight hours after treatment; over-the-counter pain medication helps. The first two days after the peel, patients will have pinkness of the skin, giving it a “rosy” glow. Avoid exaggerated facial expressions during this time because this may lead to scarring. The skin will feel tight for two to three days, then it will begin to peel or flake which continues for seven to 10 days.
Aftercare instructions are very important to prevent scarring and discoloration. Apply Aquaphor® up to six times per day for the first few days in a thin layer to improve healing. Do not remove flaked skin by pulling, picking, or rubbing. This can cause discoloration or scarring. It is important that during this time you minimize sun exposure and wear protective sunscreen every day. Use a sunscreen every day, even if you avoid the sun. Recommended sunscreens have SPF of at least 30 and provide UVA and UVB protection. Protective hats and sunglasses are also recommended. Do not use a jacuzzi, steam room, or sauna for two days. Do not perticipate in physician activities which results in sweating for two days. Wash your face with a gentle cleanser daily. Do not use wash cloths, mechanical scrubs, glycolic acid, salycylic acid, retinoids, skin lighteners, wax, or strong astringents for seven days. Do not get electrolysis, collagen injections, Botox, depilatories, and facial waxing for seven days. Do not tan for the next month.
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